Rwanda 5 years ago-
Rwanda
In his book entitled Poor Numbers, Morten Jerven cautioned against taking African development statics at face value, given the high political and financial stakes attached to these numbers, as well as the lack of institutional mechanisms to prevent political interference in many countries. Few countries illustrate his case more starkly than Rwanda. As An Ansoms et al pointed out in an article in the print issue of ROAPE earlier this year, ‘Statistics versus livelihoods: questioning Rwanda’s pathway out of poverty’ , the Rwandan government has used its record on poverty reduction and economic growth to legitimize its authoritarian rule and to deflect criticism of its human rights record, just as the previous regime had done up until 1990. Furthermore, Rwanda’s spectacular recovery after the genocide has made it somewhat of a “donor darling”, and has enabled the government to attract significant foreign resources in the form of aid from donors desperate to claim a share in this African success story.
Yet, questions have been mounting in recent years about the reality and sustainability of the “Rwandan miracle”, given the heavy-handed nature of the state-led agricultural transformation project (Dawson et al. 2016), and the government’s propensity for debt-financed investments in unproductive prestige projects, such as the Kigali Convention Centre. These questions came to a head in September 2015, when the National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR) published a poverty profile (NISR, 2015) based on the most recent household budget survey (EICV4 by its French acronym). The report claimed that the proportion of Rwandans living below the poverty line had fallen from 45% in 2010 to 39% in 2014, after a string of similarly successful decreases in the previous surveys. Two months later, Filip Reyntjens published a critique, claiming that the “decrease” in poverty had been artificially engineered by NISR by changing the type of poverty line used, from an “average” consumption basket based on actual consumption patterns of poor Rwandan households, to a “minimum” or “optimal” consumption basket, containing mostly highly caloric and inexpensive food types.
The change is not in itself problematic, as the choice of a poverty line is always, to some extent, arbitrary and there are many different acceptable ways to define a poverty line. The normative minimum consumption basket adopted by NISR is one such way. However, to make trend comparisons, all experts agree that it is crucial to use consistent methodologies, assumptions and definitions across time. Reyntjens claimed that had they done that, they would have found the proportion of people living below the minimum poverty line to have increased by 6 percentage points between 2010 and 2014. Unfortunately, Reyntjens never published the syntax files he used to compute his estimate. Neither did NISR accept to publish its own syntax files. Without this key piece of evidence, the debate has never been closed from a technical point of view, as it is impossible to show convincingly whether poverty has actually increased or decreased in Rwanda between 2010 and 2014.
We hope to contribute to settling this issue by publishing open, transparent and verifiable syntax files built using a publicly available dataset, which can be downloaded from NISR’s own microdata catalogue on its website (the two syntax files can be opened with .txt notepad or STATA software here). There are many ways to compute these things and there are innumerable adjustments and assumptions that must be made to arrive at an aggregate number. Consequently, it is difficult to replicate exactly the official estimates without access to the original syntax files. However, we hope that by submitting these to public scrutiny, such differences can be ironed out in an open and transparent manner, and any mistakes can be corrected to arrive at an estimate that all parties can accept. In constructing these estimates, our main priority has been to ensure consistency between the two surveys. We therefore try to use exactly the same code and assumptions in both years wherever possible. Below, we provide an overview of the key parameters and assumptions that entered the construction of these indices. Since there are several different poverty lines that have been generated by now, we decided to compute trends for all of them, namely:
- Average consumption basket: representing the minimum amount required to consume 2,500 kcal per day (adjusted for age and gender), using prevailing culinary habits of poor Rwandan households in 2001. This was the official poverty line used in 2001, 2005, 2010.
- Updated average basket: representing the minimum amount required to consume 2,500 kcal per day (adjusted for age and gender), using prevailing culinary habits of poor Rwandan households in 2014. This was the new poverty line computed by NISR in 2014, which should have been used in EICV4, but was never used because it was deemed too high.
- Minimum consumption basket: representing the minimum amount required to consume 2,500 kcal per day (adjusted for age and gender), using optimal (i.e. cheap and highly caloric) food types. This was the official poverty line used in 2014 (EICV4).
- Reyntjen’s poverty line: Reyntjens argued that since the minimum consumption basket was 19% lower than the updated average basket, trend comparisons with 2010 should have been made using a poverty line that was 19% lower than the one used in 2010.[1] For this poverty line, we did not construct a food basket, but simply calculated 81% of the figure from the total poverty line computed from the average consumption basket.
In all consumption baskets, the quantities and caloric values are kept constant across surveys. Prices for each item are given as the national median price across regions and across months, as reported in the auto-consumption module of the EICV survey (see table 3 below). Consumption aggregates have been adjusted for spatial and temporal price differences using a Laspeyres index (see table 2 below). The Laspeyres index was chosen because it yielded estimates that were closest to official poverty estimates in EICV3 for the average basket. The choice of price index does not affect the conclusions of this post.
The results are reported in table 1 below. All poverty lines yield similar trends when used consistently over time, indicating that poverty increased between 5% and 7% points between 2010 and 2014. All changes are statistically significant at the 5% level.
It should be noted that our results differ from those obtained by simply updating the poverty line for inflation using CPI data, as was done by NISR in their 2016 trend report (NISR, 2016). In principle, if the data are of good quality and sufficiently disaggregated, both methods should be equivalent and should not yield significantly different results. This therefore raises questions about the quality / reliability of official CPI data, and/or the quality of price data collected by the EICV. In either case, this would undermine our ability to correctly estimate poverty levels in Rwanda. The discrepancies found here should invite us to more closely scrutinize official statistics coming out of the Rwandan statistical office. GDP growth figures appear to be incompatible with the findings of the EICV survey, given than agriculture still accounts for about one third of GDP and two thirds of the labour force.
Tables
Table 1: Summary of poverty lines and poverty rates
Average basket Updated basket Minimum basket Reyntjen’s poverty line 2010 2014 2010 2014 2010 2014 2010 2014 Share of non-food[2] (% of total cons.) 31 34.8 – Total caloric intake (kcal/ adult/ day) 1346 1215 1212 – Total food cost per pers./year (Rwf) 96,797 121,795 98,069 125,504 77,559 101,116 – – Non-food component (Rwf/ pers/year) 43,489 54,720 52,344 66,987 41,397 53,899 – – Total poverty line (Rwf/ pers/ year) 140,286 176,515 150,413 192,491 118,956 155,015 113,632 142,977 Poverty rate (% of pop< tot. pov. Line) 45.2 50.2 49.2 55.8 35.2 42.2 32.5 37.1 Change in poverty rate +5* +6.6* +7* +4.6* *Change is statistically significant at 5% level Table 2: Laspeyres price index by quarter and province (computed from price data in auto-consumption file)
2010 Kigali City Southern Western Northern Eastern First quarter 1.47 0.98 0.89 0.98 1.14 Second quarter 1.31 0.98 0.92 0.96 1.05 Third quarter 1.38 0.98 0.92 0.98 1.13 Fourth quarter 1.31 0.98 0.92 1.00 1.14 2014 Kigali City Southern Western Northern Eastern First quarter 1.22 0.93 1.01 0.96 1.09 Second quarter 1.20 0.95 0.96 0.91 1.08 Third quarter 1.27 0.98 1.06 1.05 1.04 Fourth quarter 1.14 0.92 1.07 0.99 1.02 Table 3: Food baskets used to compute poverty lines
PRODUCE NAME KCAL/ 100G PRICE[3] QUANTITY CONSUMED (KG/ ADULT EQUIVALENT PER DAY) AVERAGE BASKET UPDATED BASKET MINIMUM BASKET both years 2010 2014 both years both years both years Sweet potato 92 80 100 0.4033 0.3114 0.0915 Irish Potato 67 120 150 0.1763 0.1257 0.0242 Banana – cooking (Inyamunyo) 75 120 150 0.0573 0.0783 0.0227 Dry beans 341 300 400 0.1130 0.0758 0.0758 Cassava (root) 109 100 150 0.0410 0.0694 0.0694 Cassava (flour) 338 200 300 0.0134 0.0391 0.0063 Sorghum juice(Ubushera) 173 150 180 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 Tomato 17 200 200 0.0106 0.0146 0.0146 Corn (flour) 363 300 350 0.0100 0.0184 0.0012 Cabbages 19 100 100 0.0207 0.0172 0.0172 Local Banana beer 48 300 300 0.0096 0.0000 0.0000 Avocado 119 90 100 0.0036 0.0143 0.0494 Amarante (small leafed green) 22 100 150 0.0124 0.0150 0.0150 Local sorghum beer(ikigage) 173 150 180 0.0150 0.0000 0.0000 Cassava (fermented) 362 150 200 0.0056 0.0113 0.1097 Dry maize (grain) 356 180 240 0.0103 0.0138 0.0225 Eggplant 21 150 200 0.0070 0.0082 0.0082 Cassava leaves 53 150 200 0.0068 0.0093 0.0093 Local rice 280 500 600 0.0027 0.0092 0.0035 Tarot/amateke 86 100 150 0.0098 0.0189 0.0476 Maize (fresh) 36 100 150 0.0065 0.0000 0.0000 Fresh milk 61 150 200 0.0010 0.0062 0.0062 Fresh bean 53 200 250 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 Banana fruit (Imineke) 60 150 200 0.0038 0.0056 0.0028 Sorghum (flour) 343 300 350 0.0031 0.0051 0.0075 Onion 24 250 325 0.0017 0.0024 0.0024 Curdled Milk 75 200 200 0.0007 0.0053 0.0053 Local banana juice 48 200 200 0.0000 0.0035 0.0020 Groundnut flour 387 900 1000 0.0004 0.0000 0.0000 Sorghum 343 250 250 0.0253 0.0028 0.0143 Amarante (large leafed green) 22 100 170 0.0039 0.0028 0.0028 Pumpkin 19 100 100 0.0068 0.0058 0.0058 Pineapple 26 100 125 0.0002 0.0013 0.0013 Carrot 38 200 250 0.0003 0.0011 0.0011 Papayas 26 100 150 0.0006 0.0014 0.0014 Mangos 45 100 125 0.0000 0.0022 0.0074 Beef meat 150 1400 1400 0.0006 0.0016 0.0000 Green pea (fresh) 37 400 500 0.0006 0.0000 0.0000 Fish (fresh / frozen) 49 1000 1020 0.0005 0.0000 0.0000 Eggs 139 70 240 0.0007 0.0009 0.0009 Guava 17 70 100 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 Soya (dry) 335 300 400 0.0000 0.0004 0.0004 Yams/Ibikoro 109 130 160 0.0000 0.0104 0.0104 Pepper 17 250 300 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 Plums 24 425 600 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 Pork meat 220 1150 1400 0.0000 0.0003 0.0000 Wheat (flour) 364 350 450 0.0001 0.0000 0.0000 Goat meat 164 1500 1800 0.0002 0.0000 0.0000 Orange (local) 34 200 200 0.0000 0.0002 0.0002 String bean 32 200 200 0.0068 0.0000 0.0000 Soya (fresh) 405 200 250 0.0023 0.0000 0.0000 Green pea (dry) 339 500 700 0.0010 0.0000 0.0000 Ground nuts (peanuts) 567 800 1000 0.0009 0.0001 0.0001 Fish (dry / smoked) 199 500 500 0.0000 0.0127 0.0127 Other Meats 126 550 800 0.0000 0.0000 0.0005 Bread 261 239 303 0.0011 0.0000 0.0000 Imported rice 363 460 583 0.0014 0.0000 0.0000 Palm oil 884 668 846 0.0036 0.0000 0.0000 Sugar (local) 380 500 634 0.0027 0.0000 0.0000 The authors of this article have asked for anonymity.
Featured Photograph: Parc National des Volcans, Rwanda. August 4, 2005
References
Reyntjens, F. 2015. “Lies, Damned Lies and Statistics: Poverty Reduction Rwandan-style and How the Aid Community Loves It.” Blog of 3 November 2015 posted on http://www.africanarguments.org.
NISR. 2015. Rwanda Poverty Profile Report 2013/2014: Results of Integrated Household Living Conditions Survey. Kigali: NISR.
An Ansoms, Esther Marijnen, Giuseppe Cioffo, and Jude Murison, “Statistics versus livelihoods: questioning Rwanda’s pathway out of poverty”, Review Of African Political Economy Vol. 44 , Iss. 151, 2017.
National Institute of Statistics of Rwanda (NISR), Poverty Trend Analysis Report, June 2016.
Jerven, Morten. Poor numbers: how we are misled by African development statistics and what to do about it. Cornell University Press, 2013.
Dawson, Neil, Adrian Martin, and Thomas Sikor. ‘Green revolution in sub-saharan Africa: Implications of imposed innovation for the wellbeing of rural smallholders.’ World Development 78 (2016): 204-218.
Notes
[1] Note that Reyntjens argument is not strictly speaking correct, since it would still require us to compare two different consumption baskets. To be methodologically sound, the 19% reduction would thus need to be applied to the same basket in both years, as we are doing here.
[2] In the average consumption basket, the non-food component is computed based on the average food share for households in the 7th decile in 2001. In the updated and minimum baskets, the non-food components are computed based on the average food share for households in the 5th decile in 2014.
[3] National median price of product as reported in the auto-consumption module.
Rwanda
Fake Rwandan Political Organisations are a disgrace to Democracy
Two of the biggest political organisations in the country have separately decided to back the incumbent President Paul Kagame as their candidate of choice in the forthcoming presidential elections to be held in August.
Social Democratic Party (PSD) was the first to express their commitment to endorse Kagame –who hails from RPF Inkotanyi – as their rightful candidate, during a special congress on Saturday afternoon.
President of PSD speaks during the special congress and the celebration of 25th anniversary of the Party. Nadege Imbabazi.
A similar position was assumed yesterday afternoon by Liberal Party (PL), which also backed Kagame for President in their extraordinary congress held in Kigali yesterday.Kagame, who is yet to be decided upon as the presidential flagbearer by his own political party RPF-Inkotanyi is the likely candidate of choice for many Rwandans irrespective of their party affiliation.
In 2015, over four million Rwandans petitioned parliament calling for the amendment of the constitution to allow for President Kagame, who was serving what would be his last term, to stand again.
During PSD’s extraordinary congress, which coincided with the party’s 25th anniversary, Party President Dr Vincent Biruta said that the objective of his party was not about to “simply contest” for the sake of it, but rather support whoever it is that seek to foster Rwanda socio-economic transformation.
“We have a unique way of doing things in our country and of course unique belief in our party. Our belief is towards democracy, and socio-economic transformation of our country, not just to contest for the sake of it.
“When we examined all that, we found out that President Paul Kagame is the candidate we believe in, and whom we shall support in the forthcoming presidential elections,” Biruta told reporters, shortly after the congress.
There was general consensus on this position among members of the party’s delegates and those that took up the microphone to speak all commended the incumbent for his “visionary leadership.”
PSD members dance during the celebration of 25th anniversary of existence. Nadege Imbabazi
His leadership, they said, has fostered unity and reconciliation of Rwandans as well as socio- economic transformation of the country.When asked if PSD was not too quick to endorse Kagame before his own party RPF-Inkotanyi reaches the final conclusion to front him as their presidential candidate, Biruta said that, “our party, again, can always sit and decide.”
“But I don’t see that happening. He (Kagame) agreed to heed to the demands of Rwandans, and it is evident that majority of Rwandan still want him to stay. I want to think that his party also listens to the wishes the majority Rwandans,” Biruta added.
PL, on the other hand, during the extraordinary congress also announced that they wouldn’t front anyone else during August presidential polls but rather back Kagame.
Party president Donatille Mukabalisa announced that PL was satisfied with decision reached upon by the party congress to back the incumbent, with a view that he would put into considerations the aspirations of PL as well as those of all Rwandans.
During 2010 presidential election, PL’s Prosper Higiro and Jean Damascene Ntawukuliryayo of PSD contested against President Kagame.
Meanwhile, the ruling RPF-Inkotanyi is still conducting party primaries to decide on the flagbearer in August’s presidential elections.
Last weekend, the party held primaries at the district level.
Rwanda
Ines Mpambara
A few weeks ago, on my timeline, I asked a simple question on who is the real prime minister of Rwanda. From my recollection, it’s only Joseph Ntwari who gave the answer which is similar to what I have in mind; this doesn’t mean that others were wrong. It only depends on one’s perspective of Rwanda’s contemporary politics which is next to pure chaos. Why did I ask such a question? The main reason for asking the question was to try to understand on the central figure that leads the government especially when Rwanda’s mobile president is on his habitual useless foreign trips. This is a complex question when you consider how criminal Paul Kagame has built the ruling system.The system were individuals spy against each other, departments spying against each other, public officials spying against each other, different factions trying to outplay while debriefing against each other to the supreme ruler – Paul Kagame, rumour mongering being a virtue of the system and terror working as a modus operandi. In Rwanda, political power is very highly centralised in the hands of Paul Kagame.
On paper, Anastase Murekezi is the prime minister. In reality, he is only a ghost worker – prime minister. He is only an ineffectual figure whose role is to sign documents, attend local government functions and give speeches around the country. Attending any foreign assignment on behalf of the country is a taboo for this yes man who was appointed at this post for image purpose, to show Rwandans that Hutus are also holding high offices in Kagame’s land. Without forgetting, this whitewash prime minister doesn’t seat in any security meeting or ever receive any security briefing.
For those who studied the basics of political Science, will understand that political power is about asserting influence and ability to control the behaviours of those you’re leading; for Anastase Murekezi, the man has NO single political power. He is a lame duck prime minister, a powerless stooge. In the prime minister’s office, Anastase Murekezi is always under the constant eye of Kampeta Sayinzoga, wife to criminal Kagame’s nephew and the current director of cabinet in the prime minister’s office. This young lady runs the prime minister’s office. Back to my question, who is the real prime minister of Rwanda?
The real prime minister of Rwanda, with real prime ministerial functions, power and command; the person who runs and coordinates daily government businesses is criminal Paul Kagame’s chief of staff, Ines Mpambara. Unlike other Kagamist stooges, Ines Mpambara is totally smart, in a short time she was able to learn and master the political intrigues within criminal Kagame’s office. Ines Mpambara was a staffer in Jeannette Kagame’s scam charity organisation “Imbuto foundation,” Where she was in charge of doctoring financial documentations and other reports, in order for this charity organisation to continue getting financial support from donor countries and western philanthropists.
In trying to increase a number of confidants in the president’s office, Jeanette Kagame transferred her from her scam charity organisation to work in the president office. This was the time when Jack Nziza and Jeannette Kagame were the de facto controllers of the state, the time when they were disposing their perceived enemies and appointing there royalists in key positions. With the help of Jack Nziza under the recommendation of Jeanette Kagame, Ines Mpambara was appointed the president’s chief of staff in 2009. With the backing of Jeannette Kagame and Gen. Jack Nziza, her confidence grew and she quickly mastered the art of dirty political intrigue which blows within the RPF’s terrorist organisation.
8 years down the line, Ines Mpambara is now the most powerful individual in Rwanda. Last year’s marital problems within the criminal ruler’s house, led to re-organisation of the power structure within Paul Kagame’s inner circle. Jeanette Kagame was totally stripped of her political powers, needing the intervention of President Museveni to save her from total humiliation and the wrath of Paul Kagame. Gen Jack Nziza’s closeness to Jeannette Kagame, led to being unceremoniously dumped from the role of Inspector General of the Army (IGA) and the IGA role being permanently deleted within the RDF. His role of being the chief intelligence enforcer was moved to his nemesis, Gen. Dan Munyuza. On political front, Ines Mpambara became the real prime minister, absorbing all political powers and influence that Jeannette Kagame once held.
For example, no senior civil servant – minister can go for a foreign trip without the approval of Ines Mpambara’s office. No ministerial or government department report/project can be released/initiated without her office’s approval. She plays a big role in the national budget, especially in agreeing on government expenditures with Caleb Rwamuganza, the permanent Secretary at the ministry of Finance and economic planning being her errand boy in that ministry. Since Rwanda’s criminal ruler is always on endless and useless foreign trips, she was introduced in the country’s security circles, thus seating and receiving daily security briefings especially when criminal Paul Kagame is out of the country. No senior serving or retired army officer from the rank of a major upward can travel on a foreign trip without her office’s approval; this is done in coordination with Paul Kagame. In short, Ines Mpambara is the focal point in the coordination and running of the country. Don’t be mistaken by her baby face, she is politically shrewd, tough and ruthless.
As Rebecca Mackinnon once said, “Thanks to the internet in general and social media in particular, the people now have a mechanism to hold authorities accountable for wrongdoing. Major political power struggles and scandals are no longer kept within elite circles.”
N.B: Rwanda’s real prime minister, Ines Mpambara as former lecturer of contemporary mass communication, she is obsessed with social media and operating – commanding different accounts under pseudo names. Her, together with Paul Kagame and Ange Kagame; they are the ones who run criminal Paul Kagame’s social media accounts.
Gakwerere
Rwanda
muri White Lodge police yafatiyemo muri chambre Executive Secretary w’Akagari ka Ngeruka ,umurenge Ngeruka,Akarere Bugesera witwa Ntabahwana Gerard 29yrs aryamanye n’abakobwa 02 babanyeshuri biga kuri catholique Nyamata aribo Musayidire Diane 17yrs na Mukobuteta Mukizwa Kevine 17yrs Bose biga Mu mwaka wa Gatanu.Rwanda
Rwanda
CREATION OF THE "RWANDAN MOVEMENT FOR DEMOCRATIC CHANGE (MRCD)
The NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR RENEWAL AND DEMOCRACY (CNRD-UBWIYUNGE), represented by its Chairman, Mr IRATEGEKA WILSON
and
The PARTY FOR DEMOCRACY IN RWANDA (PDR-IHUMURE), represented by its President, Mr RUSESABAGINA PAUL,
Considering the current social, economic and political situation in Rwanda characterized by an unprecedented brutal dictatorship, social inequalities and injustices, flagrant violations of human rights and the country’s wealth by the ruling clique and its relatives;
Concerned about the recurring problem of Rwandan refugees, the majority of whom live in inhumane and unacceptable conditions;
Convinced that the only way to find a lasting solution to all these problems is to establish a genuine pluralist democracy that would allow an open debate to all Rwandans in order to carry out policies in line with the legitimate aspirations of the people;
Regretting the manipulations of President Paul Kagame and his political party the RPF, in order to remain in power until 2034 according to their new modification of the Rwandan Constitution;
Decided:
To combine their efforts for a democratic change within a political platform called “RWANDAN MOVEMENT FOR DEMOCRATIC CHANGE”, “MRCD” for short.
The objectives of the MRCD are:
Fighting the dictatorship of the Rwandan Patriotic Front and its President, Paul KAGAME, for democratic change;
Reconcile the Rwandan people who have been wounded by the 1990-1994 war that led to genocide and other crimes against humanity;
To resolve the recurring problem of Rwandan refugees;
Establishing the rule of law with genuine pluralistic democracy;
Promote national development based on the legitimate aspirations of the Rwandan People;
Develop a policy of good neighborliness and regional and international cooperation based on mutual interests.The MRCD Vision:
The MRCD is a political platform created with the main objective of ending an oppressive regime and a new era of the revival of Rwandan politics where Rwandans-HUTU, TUTSI and TWA live in harmony and dignity, will participate in the development Of their country and, amicably will share power and create their own destiny
The MRCD Fundamentals:
All Rwandans are equal and are first and foremost human beings before being referred to Tutsi, Hutu or Twa.
Thus, the main values in which we believe and which must be embedded in the governance of our country are:
Truth, Justice and Reconciliation
National Unity
Ethnic tolerance and non-discrimination
Rule of law
Respect for human rights
True system of pluralist democracy
Empathy and Tolerance
Patriotism and love of workOpenness and collaboration with other organizations:
The MRCD is open to any other political organization, without any discrimination, which believes in the same values and agrees to respect the rules of the platform.
It is ready to collaborate with any political or civil society organization that advocates democracy, human rights and well-being of Rwandans in general.
Thus we appeal to all; Rwandans and the international community to support our initiative and eventually join us in the platform.
Done at Brussels, 04/07/2017
For the CNRD – UBWIYUNGE For the PDR- IHUMURE
IRATEGEKA WILSON RUSESABAGINA PAUL
Rwanda
Rwanda
Rwanda
Rwanda
Abakora ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka baravuga imyato serivisi nziza bahabwa
Abacuruzi bakora ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka baravuga ko serivisi bahabwa iyo binjije ibicuruzwa mu Rwanda ndetse n’iyo bajyanye ibicuruzwa mu mahanga zarushijeho kuba nziza bituma akazi bakora karushaho kwihuta.Kunoza ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka ndetse no gukomeza kunoza ubuhahirane n’ibindi bihugu, ni mwe muri gahunda Guverinoma y’u Rwanda yihaye mu gushyiraho ingamba zigamije guteza imbere ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka zashyizweho mu mwaka wa 2012.
Abantu ku mupaka w’u Rwanda na Kongo Kinshasa baba ari urujya n’uruzaGuhuza ibikorwa by’imipaka, korohereza abinjira n’abasohoka mu gihugu hifashishijwe ikoranabuhanga, gukuraho amahoro ya gasutamo y’ibicuruzwa bikorerwa mu bihugu bihuriye mu muryango w’Ubucuruzi w’ibihugu by’Afurika y’i Burasirazuba n’Amajyepfo y’Afurika (COMESA) ndetse n’Ibihugu byo mu muryango w’Afurika y’Uburasirazuba (EAC) ni bimwe mu byakomeje gushyirwamo imbaraga ndetse bamwe mu bakora ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka bakaba bavuga ko ibikorwa byo kuborohereza mubyo bakora bikomeje kubageza ku musaruro mwiza.
Abacuruzi bakoresha umupaka wa Rusumo bavuga ko gutegereza ku mupaka byabaye amateka:
• Twajyaga tumara amasaha ane dutegereje ibyangombwa ku mipaka yombi ubu turamara iminota 20 gusa.
• Inshuro nkoresha umupaka zikubye gatatu kubera sirivisi nziza kandi yihuta dusigaye duhabwa.
• Ibihugu byose byo mu karere byorohereje abacuruzi nk’uko mu Rwanda bimeze ntacyatubuza gutera imbere.Ayo ni amwe mu magambo y’abacuruzi bakoresha umupaka wa Rusumo baganiriye n’Imvaho Nshya
Abanyarwanda bajya muri Kongo Kinshasa no mu Rwanda bifashisha ibyuma bya Automated Passenger Clearance System (APCS) byashyizwe kuri Poids-lourds kuva 2013 ngo bifashe abaturiye umupaka (border community) mu rujya n’uruza hagati ya Rubavu na Goma
Mosha Gabriel, ukomoka muri Tanzaniya avuga ko iyo yabaga agiye kwinjira mu Rwanda yageraga ku biro bishinzwe abinjira n’abasohoka muri Tanzaniya akahamara amasaha hafi ane yaza kubiro bishinzwe abinjira n’abasohoka mu Rwanda akahamara andi masaha hafi ane ariko ubu ibyangombwa bimwemerera kuva mu gihugu ajya mu kindi asigaye abibona mu gihe kitarenze iminota 20.Mosha yagize ati “Amasaha namaraga kugira ngo mve ku mupaka byabaga ari hafi y’amasaha umunani ariko ubu iminota myinshi mara ni 20. Iyo nturutse Tanzaniya ntabwo uhagarara ku ruhande rwa Tanzaniya, nongera guhagarara ngeze mu Rwanda ugera ku ruhande rw’u Rwanda ugasanga muri ofisi (Office) imwe ishinzwe abinjira n’abasohoka hakoreramo umunyarwanda n’Umutanzaniya byose bakabikora bari kumwe. Uba wamaze kwishyura umusoro , baba bamaze kureba ko nta bintu bitemewe utwaye n’ibindi. Niyo uvuye mu Rwanda ibintu byose bikorerwa ku ruhande rwa Tanzaniya kuruhande rw’u Rwanda ntabwo uhagarara.
Mosha akomeza avuga ko serivisi nziza zitangirwa ku mupaka wa Rusumo w’u Rwanda na Tanzaniya zigeze no ku yindi mipaka y’ibindi bihugu byafasha abacuruzi kwihuta mu byo bakora ndetse n’ubukungu bw’ibihugu byo muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba bukiyongera.
Ku mupaka w’u Rwanda na Kongo Kinshasa Poids Lourd ufiite umwihariko wo kwakira abantu benshi buri munsi
Rugazora Paul ukorera ku mupaka wa Rusumo avuga ko ugereranyije no mu gihe cyashize ubu umupaka ukora neza cyane serivisi zihatangirwa zikaba zihuta cyane.Rugazora yagize ati “ Mbere umupaka utarahuzwa hagaragaragamo ibibazo kuko imodoka yagendaga ihagarara kuri buri ruhande amasaha menshi ikayamara ihagaze abacuruzi bashaka ibyangombwa ariko ubu ni One stop border post. Iminota myinshi umucuruzi amara kugira ngo imodoka ibe imaze kubona ibyangombwa n’iminota 20 agakomeza urugendo.”
Rugazora avuga ko imodoka zikoreye ibicuruzwa zisigaye zikora ingendo nyinshi cyane ku buryo ku munsi yakira imodoka 150 mu gihe umupaka utarahuzwa yakiraga imodoka 40 gusa.
Nsekonziza Alodia ukoresha umupaka wa Rusumo yabwiye Imvaho Nshya ko mbere umupaka utarahuzwa akazi kagendaga gahoro cyane ariko ubu ibyo bakora birihuta kuko umucuruzi wo mu Rwanda adashobora guhagarara ku ruhande rw’u Rwanda kandi agiye Tanzaniya ahubwo ahagarara ku ruhande rwa Tanzaniya ndetse n’umucuruzi uje mu Rwanda ntabwo ahagarara ku ruhande rwa Tanzaniya ahubwo ahagarara mu Rwanda. Nsekonziza avuga ko ikibazo gishobora kubakoma mu nkokora abaka batinda ari igihe habuze connection.
Umwe mu bayobozi b’umupaka wa Rusumo avuga ko umupaka ukora amasaha 16 aho bafungura saa kumi n’ebyiri za mu gitondo bagafunga saa yine z’ijoro akaba ari saa moya za mu gitondo muri Tanzaniya na saa tanu z’ijoro.
Yakomeje avuga ko ibikorwa byo guhuza umupaka byakozwe n’abayobozi b’ibihugu byombi ku itariki ya 6 Mata 2016 byakemuye ibibazo byinshi. Yagize ati “ Hariho ikibazo gikomeye cyane cyo kwihuta kwa serivisi z’abambuka mu bihugu byombi byaba ku bacuruzi ndetse n’abagenzi ariko ubu byarakosowe
Ubu ikiraro cyarubatswe ikamyo zibisikana ari ebyiri ku kiraro ndetse n’abakozi bashinzwe abinjira n’abasohoka bose bakorera hamwe byaba ku ruhande rwa Tanzaniya ndetse n’u Rwanda.Mbere y’uko umupaka uhuzwa inzego zishinzwe abinjira n’abasohoka zakiraga abagenzi bari hagati ya 900 ndetse 1000 ariko ubu umupaka wakira abantu bambuka umupaka bari hagati ya 2000 ndetse na 2500. Ikamyo zambukaga umupaka zije mu Rwanda zavuye kuri 80 ku munsi ubu zigeze 180.
Umupaka wa Rubavu “ Poids lourd” ku isonga mu kwakira abantu benshi kubera serivisi nziza
Kujya muri Kenya na Uganda ntibigisaba Passport indangamuntu irahagije
Abantu basaga ibihumbi 45 ni bo babasha kwambuka umupaka wa Poids lourd uzwi ku izina rya Petite Barriere uhuza u Rwanda na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo.
a. N’amazi abakongomani bayagura mu Rwanda
b. Umupaka wa Petite Barriere ni umupaka wa kabiri ukoreshwa n’abantu benshi ku isi
c. Nta munyarwanda ujya kwitabaza abishinzwe abinjira n’abasohoka kandi afite indangamuntu bafite ibyuma by’ikoranabuhanga Automated Passenger Clearance System (APCS) byashyizwe Poids-lourds kuva 2013 bifasha abaturiye umupaka (border community) mu rujya n’uruza hagati ya Rubavu na Goma bibafasha gukoresha indangamuntu yabo bambuka.
d. Icyifuzo cyacu nuko umupaka wakora amasaha 24/24 byadufasha cyaneNi amwe mu magambo ya bamwe mu bakoresha umupaka wa Rubavu Petite Barriere ndetse n’ubuyobozi bw’umupaka wa Rubavu .
Nk’uko bamwe mu bakoresha umupaka wa Rubavu uhuza u Rwanda na RDC babivuga kwambuka umupaka ujya muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo ndetse uza no mu Rwanda biroroshye cyane.
Niyonzima Innocent waganiriye n’Imvaho Nshya yambuka ajya muri Repubulika Iharanira Demokaasi ya Kongo yavuze ko afite indangamuntu bikaba bimworohera kujya muri Kongo Kinshasa. Yagize ati “ Iyo ngiye muri RDC nkoresha indangamuntu nkoresha icyuma cya PSC nkambuka ndetse n’iyo ngarutse ni ko mbigenza.”
Umunyekongo Kasonila Moses yabwiye Imvaho Nshya ko kwinjira mu Rwanda uturutse Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo byoroshye cyane ndetse ngo ibintu byinshi babihaha mu Rwanda. Yagize ati “ Mba mfite ikarita yanjye nkoresha iyo nambuka njya mu Rwanda kandi ni bintu byoroshye, gusa byadufasha cyane turamutse tubonye indangauntu nk’Abanyarwanda n’umupaka ugakora amasaha 24/7. ”
Kasonila yakomeje avuga ko mu Rwanda baborohereza gukora ubucuruzi ndetse ngo ni na yo mpamvu bakunda kuza mu Rwanda. Yagize ati “ Iyo tuje gucuruza mu Rwanda bimwe mu bicuruzwa bikorerwa muri Kongo ntabwo dusora. Turacyafite ikibazo cyo kuba tutarabona indangamuntu y’ikoranabuhanga nko mu Rwanda ariko nituramuka tuyihawe bizatworohera nk’uko Abanyarwanda biborohera.”
Umuyobozi w’umupaka wa Rubavu uhuza u Rwanda na RDC Tunga Guillome Salem avuga ko umupaka wa Rubavu ukoreshwa n’abantu basaga ibihumbi 45 ariko ngo hashyizweho uburyo bworoshye bwo gukurikirana abantu bakoresha umupaka w’u Rwanda na Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo .
Yagize ati “ U Rwanda rwashyizeho uburyo bunoze bwo gufasha abantu gukoresha umupaka wa Rubavu. Abaturage baturuka mu mirenge irindwi ya Rubavu bakoresha indangamuntu n’igikumwe mu kwambuka n’Abakongomani baba bafite udukarita(jeton) tubafasha kwambuka twebwe tureba ko imyirondoro iriho ari iyabo.”
Tunga yakomeje avuga ko ibicuruzwa binyura kuri uyu mupaka ari byinshi cyane kandi bikaba bifasha abaturage b’impande zombi kwiteza imbere. Yagize ati “ Ibicuruzwa biri ku kigero kiri hejuru ya 97% bigurwa mu Rwanda ndetse no kugeza no ku mazi.”
Abakoresha umupaka wa Gatuna na Kagitumba baruhutse gusiragira kuri Passport
Ku mipaka ya Kagitumba na Gatuna ihuza u Rwanda na Uganda himakajwe gukoresha indangamuntu. Abacuruzi n’abagenzi bakoresha iyi mipaka bavuga ko baruhutse guhora basiragira kuri Passport ndetse na Laisse Passe.
Kaberuka Valantin avuga ko baruhutse byinshi harimo kwirirwa basiragira ku karere bashaka Passport ndetse na Laissez- Passer . Yagize ati “ Twaruhutse byinshi hari ukwishyura amafaranga menshi ya Pass Port ndetse no guhora usiragira ku karere ujya kureba ko PassPort yawe yabonetse . Ni iby’igiciro kuba ufite indangamuntu yonyine uva mu Rwanda ukagera Kenya nta muntu uguhagaritse ukagaruka.” Kaberuka avuga ko nta mihangayiko agihura na yo ahubwo asohoka mu gihugu igihe cyose ashakiye.
Umurundi Nkirakumana Jean Pierre twasanze ku mupaka wa Gatuna yatangarije Imvaho Nshya ko serivisi bahabwa ku mupaka wa Gatuna ari nziza cyane ugereranyije no ku yindi mipaka yaba iyo muri Uganda ndetse na Kenya .
Yagize ati “ Ntwara ikamyo nkava mu Burundi nkanyura mu Rwanda na Kenya ariko ku mupaka wa Gatuna ni ho haba serivisi nziza kandi zihuta . Iyo ushaka gusinyisha ujya ku murongo ukakirwa uko waje. Yagize ati “ Nta kimenyane, nta ruswa byose bikorwa mu mucyo. Mu Burundi turacyafite ikibazo kuko igihugu cyacu kitaratangira gahunda nk’iyo u Rwanda Uganda na Kenya bihaye yo gukoresha indangamuntu ariko babikoze kimwe nk’uko u Rwanda rwabikoze byatworohera cyane. Kwinjira mu Rwanda uturutse i Burundi n’ahandi turacyakoresha PassPort ni ikibazo kuri twebwe kuko igihugu cyacu kitarinjira muri iyi gahunda babikoze nk’uko mu Rwanda babikoze ubuhahirane bwarushaho kuba bwiza na serivisi zitangirwa ku mipaka zikarushaho ku banziza .”
Umuyobozi ushinzwe guteza imbere ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka muri MINEACOM Tayebwa James avuga ko gahunda yo koroshya ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka yatangiye mu mwaka wa 2012 nyuma y’aho hamaze kugaragara ko hari ubucurizi bwambukiranya imipaka buciritse burimo imboga, inyama n’ibindi budakorwa neza uko bikwiye biturutse ahanini ku mbogamizi abacuruzi bahuraga nazo ku mipaka.
Tayebwa yakomeje avuga ko icyahise gishyirwamo imbaraga n’ukubaka amasoko kugira ngo abacuruzi bato bacuruza amafaranga make bajye babona ibicuruzwa mu buryo bworoshye. Ikindi cyakozwe n’ukubahugura bagasobanurirwa imisoro bagomba gusora n’iyo bakuriweho n’ibindi byabafasha kwiteza imbere. Amasoko arimo kubakwa azaba arimo ibyuma bikonjesha kugira ngo ibicuruzwa bitaguzwe nk’inyama imboga n’ibindi bibe byabikwa neza. Hazashyirwamo kandi ibiro bishinzwe gutanga amakuru ku bikorwa bikorerwa ku mupaka n’ibindi. Aya masoko arubakwa ku mupaka wa Rubavu, Cyanika, Rusizi, ku Kanyaru Nyaruguru ndetse na Karongi.
Nyuma yo guhuza umupaka wa Rusumo ikamyo zinjiraga n’izisohoka zariyongereye cyane
Tayebwa yagize ati “ Mu bijyanye no gufasha abacuruzi bato kwiteza imbere hamaze gutangwa amafaranga agera kuri miliyoni 180 yahawe amakoperative agera kuri 40 yo mu turere icyenda duhana imbibi n’ibihugu bihana imbibi n’u Rwanda . Hamaze guhugurwa abanyamuryango bibumbiye mu makoperative agera kuri 74 bakaba bahugurwa uburyo bwo gucunga umutungo wa Koperative n’ibindi.Ikindi cyakozwe ni ukongerera igishoro abacuruzi bato bakangurirwa kwegera ibigo by’imari nka BDF n’ibindi .Tayebwa avuga ko bafite intumbero yo gukomeza koroshya ubucuruzi bwambukiranya imipaka ndetse no gukomeza gukorana n’ibihugu bihana imbibi n’u Rwanda mu rwego rwo gukomeza kwiteza imbere.
Rwanda
Rwanda
Ange Kagame is in the marriage mood
Despite his intimidation, kidnappings, incarceration, torture and assassinations; the junta regime won’t manage to stop souls that are crying for their basic freedoms from challenging the brutal status quo.
As promised in my Sunday posting, today, I will be looking at the extravagances of the Kagames, how love is in the horizon within the junta family and how the chief vampire will very soon expect to be a father in-law. Dear Rwandans, the chief vampire’s daughter – Rwanda’s princess, Ange Kagame is in the marriage mood. May be, before the gigantic marriage, a happy Paul Kagame will release all political prisoners from his torture jails, that is my wishful thinking!
The princess’s love, it’s a love that started and blossomed in USA, when Ange Kagame was studying in Boston for her undergraduate degree, she fell in love with a Senegalese college basketball player. This Senegalese boy was her first real boyfriend and it was a serious relationship. When I say a first serious relationship, I hope you will get what I mean (the eater of goods). When her mother Jeannette Kagame Gasana heard about the relationship through the then chief of security to criminal Paul Kagame’s children in USA, Major Patrick Karuretwa (now is a Lt Col and the Principle Private Secretary to Lucifer), after hearing this, Jeannette Kagame Gasana moved in quickly to stop this relationship.
According to my trusted source within the junta’s inner circle, Jeannette Kagame Gasana told her that, “if she wants a long life she should end the relationship otherwise her father will kill her with his own hands.” With enormous pressure from her mother, the young girl ended the relationship but kept having some casual sex in times of needs. The mother who was then de facto vice president of Rwanda instructed Major Patrick Karuretwa to increase surveillance around Ivan and Ange Kagame, with more presidential guards personnel getting scholarships to the same USA campus as the first family, the main aim being to create a surveillance and security ring around the children.
This made Jeannette Kagame Gasana to move in search of a sweeter to her daughter, in September 2016 during Kagame day in San Francisco -USA, what some quarters call Rwanda day, Rwanda’s princess – Ange Kagame was introduced Bertrand Ndengeyingoma known as Billy among his peers; a tall, handsome and well-built young man. In terms of looks, he is a match to Rwanda’s young princess, since Rwanda is now a corporation under the Kagame dynasty.
Below I have shared a photo of Bertrand Ndengeyingoma known as Billy among his peers wearing a black T-shirt and his best friend Manzi wearing a jacket.
Bertrand Ndengeyingoma is a brother to Kaliza Belise the Chief Operation Officer of RDB and children to Mzee Cyrille Ndengeyingoma a businessman, for those who know Kigali very well, Mzee Cyrille owns the building opposite Ecole Belge in Kigali.
According to my reliable sources within the Junta’s inner circle, they first met in September 2016, by December 2016, Rwanda’s princess had travelled to USA 3 times for her dates using the father’s other jet – Gulfstream 4. In 2017, from January up to August 2017 at the time of the sham elections, the princess had travelled to USA more than 6 times. During this period, in all the Junta’s travels to USA, her daughter always accompanied him and some other travels, she had to use her father’s jet to go for her arranged dates with her lover.
Did the Kagames use state coffers to fund such extravagances? Or the Kagames were using and still using their ill-gotten wealth to sponsor such extravagances? You may have your own opinion. She introduced the young man to her father in 2017, and Rwanda’s criminal Junta seems to be happy with the choice.
After the sham elections where the Junta anointed himself as the King of his corporation known as Rwanda, the daughter approached the father with a request for her master’s degree in the USA. Since 2015, Ange Kagame has been working in the president’s office; she was initially posted in the communication department at same time shadowing Ines Mpambara, the chief of staff to the president. By august 2017, she was shadowing Lt Col Patrick Karuretwa the Principle Private Secretary to the president and her former body guard in USA.
Mid-September, under Village Urugwiro secrecy and spreading calculated misinformation to state house staffs in order to divert them. Ange Kagame started her master’s degree at Colombia University school of International and Public studies in USA. She is under the department of public affairs, as I post, she is pondering over her thesis topic which will be submitted mid – August 2018.
For the princess, this course isn’t essential to her. The main objective of undertaking this course was to create an opportunity of being close to her lover – Bertrand Ndengeyingoma known as Billy among his peers; the young lovers want to know each other away from the preying eyes of Rwandans. Unfortunately, the corporal has ears on the ground.
Now, very soon, Kagame is going to be father in-law, but at what cost? By being a father in-law, will it galvanise a new Paul Kagame that will embrace the rule of law, human rights and constitution democracy? Definitely note. In this reunion, the Ndengeyingoma will be the eventual losers. The future will tell, unless fortune favours them and the wedding doesn’t go ahead.
For Jeannette Kagame, the architecture of this marriage project, she is pushing for the wedding, but the young lovers prefer to take it slow and getting to know each other very well. For Jeannette Kagame Gasana, her wishes has always been for her children to never get married or marry to Rwandan families that came from Uganda, that is why, when Rwanda’s junta was pushing his first son to marry Joseph Mugisha’s daughter, behind the scenes, Jeannette Kagame Gasana undermined the marriage plan. On this, I totally don’t blame her. FUCK THE SAJYA MARONS!
Ndengeyingoma family is from Burundi, well respected among Rwandans from Burundi. Mzee Cyrille Ndengeyingoma is a perfect father in-law that any parent would wish for her daughter. In the past, early 2000s, Mzee Cyrille Ndengeyingoma used to play tennis against Paul Kagame at cercle sportif in Kigali. This was before criminal Paul Kagame built a tennis court at Village Urugwiro – State house.
As Israelmore Ayivor noted, “don’t fear to inform an oppressed society.” It’s from this ideology that the corporal will continue being your messanger until the last breath.
Rwanda
Rwanda
abajura bitwikira ijoro bagacukura amazu cyangwa guca inzugi bagamije kwiba ibikoresho bitandukanye.
Muri iyi minsi hongeye kandi kumvikana amakuru y’abajura bitwikira ijoro bagacukura amazu cyangwa guca inzugi bagamije kwiba ibikoresho bitandukanye.Ni mu gihe mu mpera z’umwaka ushize humvikanye amakuru avuga ko abajura basigaye barize amayere mashya yo kujya biba ku manywa igihe abantu benshi baba bagiye mu mirimo yabo ya buri munsi.
Ubu buryo bwose bwari busanzwe buriho ariko iki kibazo gikomeje kuvugwa cyane muri iyi minsi.
Uretse mu Mujyi wa Kigali, no mu ntara bamwe mu baturage bavuga ko basigaye bararana n’amatungo kugira ngo atibwa.
Aba bajura ngo icyo babanza kumenya ni imitungo umuntu atunze bashobora kwiba, iyo bazi ko bashobora kubonamo amafaranga mu buryo bwihuse. Ibi bikoresho byo mu mazu birimo: Televiziyo, telefoni, za mudasobwa, frigo n’ibindi.
Iyo bamaze guperereza ko ibyo bikoresho bihari nibwo batangira kujya umugambi wo kubyiba bakoresheje uburyo bushoboka.
Ese aba bajura bamenya bate ko mu nzu iyi n’iyi harimo ibikoresho nk’ibyo?
Urebye umuntu ku maso ntiwamenya ko ari umujura keretse umufashe cyangwa akerekanwa nabwo afite ibyo yibye cyangwa abyiyemerera.
Burya mu mazu dutuyemo dusurwa n’abantu benshi batandukanye, abandi badukorera imirimo itandukanye, aba twavuga nk’abakozi, abafundi batwubakira, abavandimwe badusura nabo burya hari abashobora kugenzwa na twinshi, inshuti n’abaturanyi n’abandi batagira imico myiza.
Ikindi gikurikiraho hashobora kubaho ubufatanyacyaha aho umukozi wo murugo cyangwa undi wese ugenda murugo rwawe ashobora gutanga amakuru yaho ibintu bibikwa, igihe muryamira, ahabikwa imfunguzo, aho buri wese aryama n’andi makuru.
Aya makuru niyo ashobora gufasha umujura kwiga uburyo bwo kwiba akoresheje uburyo butandukanye. Muri iyi minsi rero haravugwa amayeri yo gucukura amazu mu ijoro, bakareba aho igikoresho iki n’iki kibikwa akaba ariho bapfumurira.
Bamwe bavuga ko ubu bujura burimo guterwa n’ubukene benshi batewe n’iminsi mikuru, abandi ngo ni umuco mubi n’ingeso mbi zigenda zikura mu bantu n’ibindi. Impamvu yose yatangwa nta nimwe yakumvwa kuko niba ugoswe n’ubukene igisubizo si kujya kwiba ahubwo reba icyo ukora kuko ubukene n’abakene bizahoraho.
Bivugwa ko iminsi y’umujura ari 40, ni kuvuga ko uko wakwiba kwose, ukwiye kumenya ko igihe kimwe bitazaguhira, uzafatwa kandi ubihanirwe.Hakorwa iki?
Biragoye guca burundu ubu bujura ariko hari icyo wakora…Nk’ikibazo cyo gucukura inzu, niba uri nyir’inzu ntukwiye kuryama ngo uheze ahubwo ukwiye kujya ubyuka mu ijoro ukazungura inzu ureba kuko akenshi hari amasaha abajura bazira kwiba nubwo hari igihe bayahindura, ariko akenshi biba hagati ya saa sita z’ijoro kugeza saa saba n’igice ubundi bakongera saa cyenda na saa kumi.
Niba ufite ibikoresho nk’ibyo twavuzeho haruguru, ushobora kujya ujya kuryama ukabyimurira ahandi haryamye abantu. Nka mudasobwa, telefoni n’ibindi byoroshye kwimurwa ukabyiyegereza n’ubundi buryo.
Nibyiza ko iyo ugiye kuryama usuzuma niba inzu ikinze. Ikindi imfunguzo zonyine ntizihagije kuko ukwiye no gukoresha ingufuri zabugenewe ukibuka kwibikira imfunguzo aho kuzisigira umukozi cyangwa kuzishyira ahantu hazwi na buri wese.
Nta na rimwe igihugu kizabona abapolisi barinda buri rugo rwa buri wese ahubwo buri wese akwiye kugira uruhare mu kwirindira umutekano cyane cyane uwo murugo rwe.
Ikindi gituma ubu bujura bwiyongera ni irondo ridakora neza. Ahenshi mu Mujyi wa Kigali usanga abanyerondo badakora neza akazi bashinzwe. Aba bashobora kubiterwa n’impamvu zitandukanye zirimo: Kudahembwa cyangwa kudahemberwa ku gihe.
Buri muturage akwiye kumva ko gutanga amafaranga y’irondo ari inshingano ze, icyo gihe bizamworohera kubaza abayobozi be iby’umutekano kuko azaba yishyura neza amafaranga y’umutekano. Ibyo n’ibikorwa kandi azaba yemerewe gusubizwa ibye byibwe kuko azaba atanga ayo mafaranga.
Hari hakwiye kujyaho amabwiriza hamwe atari y’uko igihe umuntu yibwe n’abajura mu ijoro, yishyurwa ibyo yibwe. Uyu wishyurwa akaba ari umuntu utanga amafaranga y’umutekano ku gihe. Icyo gihe abanyerondo bakora neza kuko baba bazi ko uwibwe ari bo batungwa agatoki kandi aribo bishyura.
Rwanda
kwambara amabuno ku gitsina gore, bagire uwo bajijisha ko bateye neza
Hari ibintu byadutse byo kwambara amabuno ku gitsina gore, ngo bakunde baberwe, cyangwa bagire uwo bajijisha ko bateye neza, n’izindi mpamvu nyinshi zitandukanye buri wese buriya abayifitiye mu bayambara.
Ubundi wumva abantu bagenda babivuga mu buryo butandukanye, bamwe babinenga ko bitakwiye, abandi ukumva bakubwira ngo ntacyo bitwaye, ariko iyo ugeze ku gitsina gabo, hafi ya bose bahurira ko atari byiza na gake. Bakemeza ko umuntu yagakwiye kuguma uko Imana yamuremye ntacyo ajijishijeho.
Ariko njyewe iyo ndebye mu by’ukuri mba mbona ntacyo bitwaye umukobwa cyangwa umugore wiyambariye amabuno, kugira ngo akunde aberwe n’umwenda runaka yifuje kwambara, rwose nkaba mbona ntamutera ibuye ngo yambaye amabuno!
Ubundi umuntu uko Imana yamuremye n’uko nyine. Ariko hari igihe nawe ureba iyo biza kuba amahitamo y’uko uremwa, nawe wari gushyiraho agakeregeshwa kawe k’ubwenge uti: “Mana aha bigenze bitya, aha ugabanye iki hanyuma wongere iki,….” Ariko ibyo ntabwo byashobotse cyakora umuntu Imana yamuhaye ubwenge kandi yarakoze pe.
Iyo umuntu rero arebye akabona hari ukuntu yabigenza, akagaragara neza kurushaho, njyewe numva nta kibazo kibirimo, kandi nta nubwo aba atanyuzwe n’uko aremye, ahubwo nawe aba ashyizemo ubwenge bwe, akabona bigenze bityo, yasa neza kurushaho.
Iyo numvise abantu bari kunegura abantu bambara aya mabuno, nibaza impamvu nta muntu nari numva banegura ngo yambaye akarega /soutien ( Ka kenda k’imbere abagore/abakobwa bambara gafata igituza),ahubwo iyo ubonye umukobwa cyangwa umugore usa nabi mu gituza wumva abantu bamunegura bati: “Mbese uriya muntu ntazi aho abandi bahahira di!”
Nonese kuki mushima uwakoze uko ashoboye, amabere akareba uko ayagenza, kugira ngo akunde agaragare neza, hanyuma uwarebye uko abigenza ku mabuno bikaba bibi, kandi byose umuntu aba akoresheje ubwenge bwe kugira ngo arebe uko asa neza, kandi iki kiri mu ntego za buri mukobwa cyangwa umugore. Cyangwa ikibazo n’uko hamwe ari ukugabanya ahandi bikaba ari ukwongera!
Njyewe numva umukobwa cyangwa umugore waba wahisemo kwambara amabuno kugira ngo agaragare neza, mbese arimbe ntacyo biba bitwaye, ari mu bwoko bwo kwiyitaho no kwitunganya, nk’uko undi yakwambara inkweto ndende kugira ngo ajyanishe n’imyenda runaka, cyangwa undi wahitamo kwishyiraho ubwoko bw’imisatsi runaka ngo akunde ase neza nk’uko yaba ari kubitekereza.
Ikibazo ngo gikunda kuvuka ku bakobwa bambara amabuno, noneho ntanabwize ukuri umusore uri kumurambagiza ko muby’ukuri adateye uko ajya amubona, ko ahubwo hari utundi tuntu yifashisha ngo akunde agaragare neza, cyangwa aberwe. Kugira ngo atazamugeza mu rugo agatungurwa no kumubona bitandukanye burundu n’uko yamubonaga mu myenda.
Mbese byanabangombwa ukamwiyereke uko umeze nyakuri! Ariko aha nabwo ndaza kugaruka kuri byabindi navuze haruguru, ko ntawe nari numva abwira umukobwa ngo akuremo ako kenda gafata igituza ngo abanze arebe uko igituza kingana! Kandi ko abagore ari abanyabwenge cyane da, hari ufata igituza rwose akakizirika kuburyo wamwitiranya n’umwana urigupfundura amabere, ariko yaramuka akuyemo ako kenda ukaba wakeka ko ari uwundi muntu ubonye!
Aho ibi ntibyaba biterwa wenda n’akamenyero kakiri gake! Ariko twazabimenyera tukazabona ntacyo bitwaye nk’ibyo byose nakomeje kugarukaho? Iyo njyewe mbonye umuntu wiyambariye ariya mabuno adakabije ubunini, ahubwo ukabona yagereranyije n’ingano ye yo hejuru, noneho kuko asanzwe ari muto cyane hasi, akongeraho gatoya, cyane ko n’abakora aya mabuno nabonye ari abahanga , bakora ingero zose ! njyewe mbona umuntu aba asa neza.
Niyo mpamvu, igihe kinagera umuntu akavuga ati:” Reka nce inzaara, cyangwa nzitereke nzisige n’akabara runaka, undi ati reka nogoshe umusatsi, undi ati: Reka nshake n’indi misatsi nongere kuri iyi mfite,…. Ibi byose umukobwa cyangwa umugore aba agira ngo arebe uburyo bushoboka yagaragara neza ku rwego rwo hejuru.
Ibi uzanabibona kandi cyane n’umuntu utari usanzwe abikora ku munsi we w’ubukwe ahisemo kugura aya mabuno kugirango ase neza ku munsi we udasanzwe. Njywe numva uwabihisemo, atagakwiye gushunirwa inzara cyangwa ngo bamutere amabuye, kuko biba ariyo mahitamo ye.
Rwanda
Muri iyi minsi hongeye kandi kumvikana amakuru y’abajura bitwikira ijoro bagacukura amazu cyangwa guca inzugi bagamije kwiba ibikoresho bitandukanye.
You must be logged in to reply to this topic.
